US Disability Living Allowance Controversy Essay - 1990 Words

Introduction Since our election of President Obama in 2009 through September of 2013, 5.9 million people have been added to the Social Security Disability program (Finger, 2013.) That compared to the less than 2.5 million jobs created during this same period demonstrates a problem (Finger, 2013.) According to the Social Security Administration, Social Security Disability benefits have reached 10.9 million (Finger, 2013.) A record one in fourteen workers is now on the â€Å"Social Security Disability payroll† (Finger, 2013.) According to Congressional Research estimates, this program costs the taxpayers $128.9 billion in 2011 and was in a deficit of $25.3 million (Finger, 2013.) Funded by the 1.8% payroll tax and making up nearly 18% of†¦show more content†¦If you can’t work or don’t want to, then you simply apply for disability. The Social Security Disability system is only a microcosm of what ills the American job market. There are a number of welfare progra ms that currently provide a disincentive to those seeking gainful employment. One company published a report of a single mother with one child with a gross income of $29,000 and all the government assistance she receives actually makes $57,327 in net income and benefits. She would be better off than the mother with a gross income of $69,000 who after taxes makes $57, 045. In 2013, the Office of the Inspector General stated â€Å"we know there are individuals who will purposely withhold or fabricate information to collect government benefits they are not entitled to receive† (Finger, 2013.) As a result, the Senate conducted their own investigation into combating disability fraud, waste and abuse (Finger, 2013.) This studied concluded that one fourth of all disability claim decisions were flawed and improperly addressed â€Å"insufficient, contradictory, and incomplete evidence, thus increasing the chances of rewarding a nondisabled person† (Finger, 2013.) The stud y also showedShow MoreRelatedOverview of American Heroes Cost of Living Allowance Act3068 Words   |  12 Pagessubcommittee had made the moved Wednesday April 18, 2012 to remove a small bit of doubt regarding the cost-of-living adjustments in veterans disability and survivor aids by passing a bill that would deliver automatic yearly increases that would actually start the beginning of next year. This paper will provide a comprehensive overview of f HR 4142: The American Heroes Cost of Living Allowance (COLA) Act. Part A: Legislation and Political Context: What is the Elevator Speech Overview? The AmericanRead MoreUK - Analysis Report31935 Words   |  128 Pagesstood at GBP132 billion ($198 billion). 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An Informational Interview Sarah Buel - 1041 Words

Informational Interview: Sarah Buel Because I am not certain what career path I intend to pursue, it was difficult to determine an appropriate person for my informational interview. However, following the advice at Quintessential Careers, I focused on my possible career choices (Quintessential Careers, Unk.). What I found was that I was likely to be involved in some type of work involving domestic violence, though I am still uncertain of the nature of that work. As a result, I decide to interview Sarah Buel. Sarah Buel is a noted attorney in the field of domestic violence. Currently a Clinical Professor and Founding Director of the Diane Halle Center for Family Justice at the Sandra Day OConnor College of Law at Arizona State University, Buel was one of the names that came up most frequently as I was looking into the field of domestic violence (Sandra Day OConnor College of Law, 2012). I chose to interview Sarah Buel because of what I learned about her personal history. Buel is passionate about domestic violence becau se she was once a domestic violence victim. She thinks that all people are potential victims of domestic violence and that domestic violence impacts people in all areas of their lives and the law. This passion has led her to advocacy work and also led to significant changes in how the law approaches battered women. In fact, she may be most noteworthy for her work in Massachusetts, where she was able to work towards the release of several women who had

Acid-Base Titration Lab Free Essays

Acid-Base Titration Objectives: 1. To titrate a hydrochloric acid solution of unknown concentration with standardized 0. 10M sodium hydroxide. We will write a custom essay sample on Acid-Base Titration Lab or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. To utilize the titration data to calculate the molarity of the hydrochloric acid. Materials: See handout for more info. Procedure: See handout for more info. Data and Calculations: Table 1: Volume of NaOH Required to Neutralize 10. 00mL of Unknown HCl Molarity of NaOh | Trial 1| Trial 2| Trial 3| Trial 4| Initial Volume of NaOH(mL)| 0. 0| 11. 00| 20. 85| 30. 45| Final Volume of NaOH(mL)| 11. 00| 20. 85| 30. 45| 39. 98| Volume of NaOH used(mL)| 11. 00 (Cancel out)| 9. 85| 9. 60| 9. 53| Average Volume of NaOH = (9. 85+9. 60+9. 53)/3 = 9. 66mL Sample Calculations: (9. 85+9. 60+9. 53)/3 = 9. 66mL The average volume of NaOH used. Calculations: 1. Moles NaOH = M x V = (0. 1M) (0. 00966L) = 0. 000966 moles 2. Moles HCl = moles NaOH 0. 000966 moles - 9. 66Ãâ€"10-4 3. NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O Moles NaOH = M x V = (0. M)(0. 00966L) = 0. 000966 moles Moles HCl = moles NaOH [HCl] = moles/volumes = (0. 000966)/ (0. 0096L) [HCl] = 0. 1M Follow-up Questions: 1. It will have no effect because th e phenolphthalein only changes color depending on the pH level. Adding substances that will not change the pH level will have no effect. 2. We rinsed out the buret with NaOH, it is to neutralize any leftover acids that may have existed from previous experiments that the buret may have been used in. 4. When we added the NaOH, it instantly neutralized the HCl but because of HCl having more moles inside the beaker, the excess HCl instantly reverting the system back into a base. 5. [HCl] = 0. 1M pH = -log[HCl] pH = -log(0. 1M) pH = 1 Conclusion: By using the titration data, we found out that the molarity of HCl is equal to the concentration of NaOH. This happens because the system is in a one-to-one relationship between the two compounds. If we use the same amount of volume of HCl and NaOH, and mix the two, it will reach to a neutral pH value. How to cite Acid-Base Titration Lab, Essay examples

Technique Of Technology Road Mapping - Click to Free Sample

Question 1 : Give a brief introduction and explanation (approximately 500 words) of the technology that you have chosen and then produce a technology road map that sets out the following: Key milestones and activities that have already occurred during the development of the technology. Milestones in technical development required in the future. Milestones in the technologys market required in the future. Key activities that will support the future technical and commercial development of the project. Other factors, in the past or future, that you see are relevant, e.g. capability development. The road map should clearly show the development up to the present time. It should also show the anticipated future development of the innovation. You should choose a format for your road map that matches the needs of the technology. The paper by Phaal et al. (2004) provides a detailed discussion of various formats. You need to develop a format that will be helpful when making decisions about the innovations pathway. Question 2 : Based on your road map, write a report of approximately 1500words that sets out the following: The rationale for the format (of the road map) you have chosen to use. This should include not just the structure of your map but also the level of detail that you have decided to show. With reference to your road map, explain what you think the key issues are that will need to be addressed in the future development of the technology. Answers : 1. Introduction The particular project has been carried so that the emerging technology road map can be discussed. The report will be highlighting on the various aspects of product development from the introduction to its release. The technology that has been chosen for this study is a revised quantum computing. The product underwent some development phase before it can be released into the market. Quantum Computing has been developed so that quantum computers can do certain calculations. The quantum computing studies the system of computation that uses entanglement and superposition so that operation on data can be performed. The quantum system or computers are not same like digital computers as it is based on transistors (Arxiv.org, 2015). The quantum computation employs quantum bits that can be in states superposition. The computing can be helpful in doing fast computation of data and it can be effective in providing more memory. On the other hand, the complex problem can be solved which were earlier not possible via classical computer. The person can make quick decision as quantum computers consider all the crunch number which can be impossible for the person to solve it (Qist.lanl.gov, 2015). Moreover, the large number of variables can be understood along with test models and patterns. Task Year Single and coupled qubits Characteristics Main decoherence sources 2004 Eletromagnetic Environment 2005-2006 Phenomenological theories 2007 Entangled Physical quota from three to five Simple algorithms and two qubit gates 2006-2007 On-chip Superconducting electronics exhibited 2012 Scaling Plan for scaling to 10 Physical Qubits 2004-2006 Plan for scaling to 100 Physical Qubits 2008-2012 Assessing alternative types of quota Types of qubits characterization 2002-2006 Types of Qubits fabrication feasibility 2002-2006 Selection of best types of qubits 2008-2012 Encode Logical Qubits Encoding of one logical qubit 2004-2006 Encoding of 3 or more logical qubits 2006-2012 Preform error Correction on logical qubit Measurement scheme and fast control 2005-2012 Decrease of noise from fluctuations 2006-2012 Table 1: Superconducting Quantum Computing Road Map Quantum Computing Road Map (Refer to Appendix 1) 2. Report Rationale In order to develop and update the quantum computing, the company has followed and adopted simple development process so that quantum computing can be updated in much acceptable manner. The technology was effective in providing new world to the users and is capable in providing smart option, better customization, better calculation, etc (Abramovici and Stark, 2013). Therefore, in order to develop quantum computing, the following step has been followed: Product Planning: In the initial phase of technology roadmap, strategy has been planned in order to upgrade the technology system so that it can enhance the feature of quantum computing. Moreover, it was planned that computing technology has to be accepted by the next generation (Cs.virginia.edu, 2015). Service/capability planning: In this phase, it has been taken in account that developing technology should positively impact the business. Therefore, the company focused on their capabilities so that better quantum technology can be developed that can have long term impact over the business or individual (Foley and Foley, 2011). Strategic Planning: The Company strategically planned to introduce quantum computing for the betterment of the future business so that complex situation can be resolved. Therefore, the gap has been identified by comparing the current position and future vision (Iea.org, 2015). Long Range planning: In order provide quick solution to problem and provide better operating system, it was decided to improve the quantum computing for long term benefit. The use of quantum computing can help in enhancing the knowledge and solving the complex issues with ease (Vgu.edu.vn, 2015). Knowledge asset planning: The planning regarding visualizing critical knowledge assets and connected their experience and skills, technologies in order to fulfill the demands of future market (Simonse, Hultink and Buijs, 2014). Program planning: The system has been implemented and employed build up strategy so that better system can be developed and can be better than digital computers. The plan regarding the various technology developments so that quantum computing system can be developed (Cs.virginia.edu, 2015). Process Planning: In order to develop new quantum computing, major focus was on the knowledge so that product can be developed within the expected time slot. The company considered both the perspective of commercial and technical (Ricard, 2013). Integration Planning: Lastly, the quantum computer technology has been integrated with the digital computer so that error free solution can be gained and can be easy for the users to use it (Siontorou and Batzias, 2014). Key Issues Roadmap alive: It can be difficult to keep the road map alive if the road map is changed intentionally. On the other hand, the road map may not function properly if necessary changes are not made as per the arising situations. The whole plan of the company may fail if the work is not done in right time (Yoon and Phaal, 2013). Apart from that, the technology roadmap may lead to delay in reaching to destination if roadmap is not communicated effectively. Therefore, roadmap may require to be updated periodically or once in a year (Arman et al., 2014). Engage Right people: The right people may need to be engaged that posses right amount of knowledge and skills about the technology so that implementation of the technology can be done in effective way. If the people do not hold knowledge then it can lead to complete failure in implementation (High, 2014). Senior Management Support: If there is lack of support from the senior management in terms of budget, time and resources then the work may not be carried in fruitful way. Therefore, it can lead to conflict or delay in completing the work. Thus, it can be great issue for having future development in context to technology. Therefore, the senior management has to engage them in the technology development (Huang et al., 2014). On the other hand, the management may need to provide continuous support and make the resources available all the time so that system can be updated. Therefore, it can help in removing the barrier in using the roadmap. Software Issues: If the company has deficiency to acquire better and effective software then it can affect the development of technology roadmap for future. Thus, it can be tough for the company to update or upgrade the quantum computing system on time and whole planning process of the company may result in disappointment. Therefore, the company may require engaging the people that can help in providing software for developing the technology system and better roadmap (Li et al., 2014). On the other hand, for developing roadmap initially, the company can focus on simple graphics, spreadsheet and word processing. Moreover, the company may require to regularly updating the software so that it can comply with the users (Mbari.org, 2015). Inducing right employees: The Company may face difficultly in future if there is lack of skilful employees. The experienced employees may retire or change the company then the company may not be able to develop technology and effective system. Therefore, the company has to induce the people that are capable of performing the task (Moehrle et al. 2013). On the other hand, the company has to include the people that posses higher knowledge in different phase of technology development. Therefore, it can help the company to develop better road map in order to gain higher benefit in future and meeting the demand of future market (Simonse et al. 2014). Coordination: If there is lack of coordination and collaboration either with the government or any business funding cycles then it can lead to problem in designing roadmap for the technology development. The company may not be able to perform their task on right time if there is lack of mutual understanding with the government (Siontorou and Batzias, 2014). Change in the government or policy of the government can be difficult in coordinating their activities and reaching to a desired point. Therefore, the company has to coordinate and collaborate with other business so that support can be gained on right time (Zhang et al., 2014). Market Complexity: The rise in the level of fragmented market can be difficult to understand the requirements of market. If the management fails in assessing the condition of future market then it can directly affect the technology development and it can affect the long term prospective of the company (Abramovici and Stark, 2013). Therefore, it in order to excel in the technology development process, the management has to study the market carefully and know the possible constraint that can affect the development process. Moreover, company may be able to design right road map that can lead to success and having better technology (Foley and Foley, 2011). Conclusion The technology road mapping is effective technique that provides great support in building strategic and long range planning. Moreover, the road mapping can be effective in surviving the work environment conditions by helping the company in scanning the environment. The company can be able to assess the performance of individual. The technology road map of quantum computing has been discussed through the single layer table format so that development phase can be understood. Apart from that, the rationale of the format has been mentioned to have a clear idea about the technology roadmap. Further, the key issues have been outlined so that better technology can be developed for the future. References Arman, H., Gindy, N., Kabli, M. And Cavin, S. (2014). Integrated Technology Roadmapping Tool To Aid The Decision-Making Of RD Investments. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 11(02), p.1450006. Arxiv.org, (2015). Difficulties in the Implementation of Quantum Computers. [online] Available at: https://arxiv.org/ftp/cs/papers/0602/0602096.pdf [Accessed 15 Jan. 2015]. Cs.virginia.edu/, (2015). The Limits of Quantum. [online] Available at: https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~robins/The_Limits_of_Quantum_Computers.pdf [Accessed 15 Jan. 2015]. High, P. (2014). Implementing World Class IT Strategy. Hoboken: Wiley. Huang, L., Zhang, Y., Guo, Y., Zhu, D. and Porter, A. (2014). Four dimensional Science and Technology planning: A new approach based on bibliometrics and technology roadmapping. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 81, pp.39-48. Iea.org, (2015). Challenges and Successes in Technology Roadmap Implementation. [online] Available at: https://www.iea.org/media/workshops/2008/technologyroadmap/4c_eisenhauer_industryroadmaps.pdf [Accessed 10 Jan. 2015]. Li, X., Zhou, Y., Xue, L. and Huang, L. (2014). Integrating bibliometrics and roadmapping methods: A case of dye-sensitized solar cell technology-based industry in China. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. Mbari.org, (2015). Technology Roadmap. [online] Available at: https://www.mbari.org/about/TechnologyRoadmap.pdf [Accessed 10 Jan. 2015]. Moehrle, M., Isenmann, R. and Phaal, R. (2013). Technology roadmapping for strategy and innovation. Berlin: Springer. Qist.lanl.gov, (2015). A Quantum Information Science and Technology Roadmap. [online] Available at: https://qist.lanl.gov/pdfs/supercond.pdf [Accessed 15 Jan. 2015]. Rcpmag.com, (2015). The 2014 Microsoft Product Roadmap -- Redmond Channel Partner. [online] Available at: https://rcpmag.com/Articles/2011/02/01/The-2011-Microsoft-Product-Roadmap.aspx [Accessed 10 Jan. 2015]. Ricard, L. (2013). Roadmapping and strategy in science, technology and innovation: why connectivity matters. Kgs. Lyngby: DTU Management Engineering. Simonse, L., Hultink, E. and Buijs, J. (2014). Innovation Roadmapping: Building Concepts from Practitioners Insights. Journal of Product Innovation Management, p.n/a-n/a. Siontorou, C. and Batzias, F. (2014). A methodological combined framework for roadmapping biosensor research: a fault tree analysis approach within a strategic technology evaluation frame. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 34(1), pp.31-55. Vgu.edu.vn, (2015). Technology Roadmapping. [online] Available at: https://www.vgu.edu.vn/fileadmin/pictures/studies/MBA/Handbook_Roadmapping.pdf [Accessed 10 Jan. 2015]. Yoon, B. and Phaal, R. (2013). Structuring technological information for technology roadmapping: data mining approach. Technology Analysis Strategic Management, 25(9), pp.1119-1137. Zhang, Y., Zhou, X., Porter, A. and Vicente Gomila, J. (2014). How to combine term clumping and technology roadmapping for newly emerging science technology competitive intelligence: problem solution  pattern based semantic TRIZ tool and case study. Scientometrics, 101(2), pp.1375-1389.

The Italian Renaissance Essay Example

The Italian Renaissance Essay The ancestors of man were experimenting with art over 12 thousand years ago, paintings as far back as 15,000 to 10,000 BC have been found in caves.Our history of painting was slow to mature into the art we know and appreciate today. The most prolific period was the Renaissance period, with some of the best known masters being represented by this period. The Italian Renaissance was as the name implies the rebirth of painting. This does not imply that all the advances of painting came from this period but that the masters learned to combine new and old. The Italian artist Masaccio, was referred to by some as the father of Renaissance painting.Masaccio made notable advances in the styles of paintings such as perspective, space, and surrounding his subjects in light and air.Masaccio was the next great Italian painter after Giotto who died in 1337. Giotto who painted during the gothic period was able to display naturalistic human dramas and used characteristics with renaissance qualiti es. Some of these were showing figures as solid and weighty characters.Masaccio recognized what Giotto had initiated and brought it forward with other characteristics as previously mentioned. The other two artist who deserve recognition in the early part of the Italian renaissance are Brunilleschi and Donatello for their innovations in linear perspective in sculpture and architecture. An important scientific innovation by Masaccio was in the Holy Trinity with the Virgin and ST. John. The setting reveals a complete command of Brunelleschis new architecture and of scientific perspective. This barrel vaulted chamber is a place that the figures could move freely if they wished. For thefirst time in history, we are given all the needed data to measure the depth of this painted interior. We note that all the lines perpendicular to the picture plane converge upon a point below the foot of the cross, on the platform that supports the kneeli

Social Conditions essays

Social Conditions essays Many women in England were seeing the right to vote in 1908. The vote is important because it is a symbol, a safeguard, and an instrument. The three social conditions that led women in England to see the right to vote were marriage, education, and career. Marriage is the first social condition that led women in England to see the right to vote. When a woman is married, she has to give up her economic independence. Emmeline Panhurst suggests that, due to the marriage laws, married women lacked financial security. No married woman exists as the mother of the child she brings into the world. In the eyes of the law, she is not the parent of her child. The child has only one parent and that is the father. He decides everything that goes on. At the same time by law, a married man has to provide his wife and children with food, shelter, and clothing. The man decides what money should be spent on and how it should be spent. The wife cant decide on any of these things. Education is the second social condition that led women in England to seek the right to vote. Most of the time education is given only to men. The colleges and Universities are given to men as well. The last social condition that led women in England to seek the right to vote is career. A woman who has been earning good income is told to give up her employment when she becomes a wife and a mother. Well-paid jobs are given to men. If the woman has a better job than her husband, she still has to give up her job. Young girls who are being trained in something except that there will be something for them to do, but there wont. In conclusion, the speech that Emmeline Pankhurst made in 1908 about their social conditions influenced women in England. It was important for women to seek the right to vote because they should have the same rights as men. If women hadnt sought t...

Business Plan (Opening online shop) IN HEART Coursework

Business Plan (Opening online shop) IN HEART - Coursework Example An online shop can easily trade with these countries because there are limited international trade regulations and it can have a positive impact on the growth of an online business (Porter 1985). Inflation affects the online business because buying the product online includes various costs associated with the product, which includes shipment cost and possibility of theft in online payments. The decrease in the buying power will have a negative effect in purchasing the product online because people would be reluctant to pay online due to the increased prices (Aaker and McLoughlin 2010). The ageing population is increasing in the United Kingdom and due to which the organizations are producing the products that caters the market for old people. This indicates the social change from organization point of view (Aaker and McLoughlin 2010). Coming up with new products all the time gives a competitive edge and it leads in the innovation, which results in the growth of the company. Every product contributes an impact towards the environment. If the product of an online shop creates a good impact then it will be appreciated by the customers (Porter 1985). ‘In heart’ online shop should approach towards the license of a website in a legal manner. Forming an online shop in today’s world can be achieved for a few costs unlike the franchises that need million dollars for a startup investment (Porter 1985). In the future it is expected that many of the businesses would be transformed online because of the heavy investment associated with the opening of franchises. The concept of ‘In Heart’ online shop would target a market of millions of audience and attract the people toward its product in the span of five years if factors favor the online businesses (McLaughlin 2010). The ‘In heart’ online shop should me more focused towards differentiating its designer product from its competitors because the online shops will tend to increase in number and

Vice advertising - cont Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Vice advertising - cont - Essay Example This paper analyses the problems associated with unhealthy advertising to children and teens and proposes certain solutions to avoid it. Tobacco companies exploit the hero-worshipping attitudes of younger generation cleverly with the help of beautiful ads and children and teens become the victims of such misleading ads. Smoking often causes lung cancer, heart diseases, asthma, cough etc. Instead of revealing these health problems of smoking, tobacco companies in their advertisements describe smoking as a pleasant act which gives immense satisfaction and pleasure to the smoker. Majority of the tobacco companies have celebrities as their brand ambassador. For example, tobacco companies often utilize film stars for advertising their cigarettes. The mannerisms and the body languages of the film stars in the tobacco advertisements will encourage the hero-worshipping teen generation to imitate their heartthrobs blindly. Children and teens have the inherited trait to imitate others. They learn life lessons from parents, teachers and celebrities. They are not much aware of the consequences of smoking. Only thing they know is that their hero is smoking and therefore they can also smoke. Thank You for Smoking is a 2005 comedy film which portrays the efforts of a person to promote cigarettes using heavy spin tactics while also trying to remain a role model in front of his child (Thank You for Smoking). People usually demonstrate many faces in their social, personal, family and professional lives. A loyal husband in personal life need not be the same in his social life. Same way, a good parent in family life need not be the same in his professional life. People usually forced to do many things even though they are not much interested in it. Circumstances force people to engage in unpleasant behaviors. For example, even nonsmoking film stars forced to act like a smoker in many films. This is because

The Mental Capcity Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Mental Capcity Act - Essay Example The law also applies to common decisions involving personal care, diet, movement and grooming. In practice, the MCA generally provides for making decisions based on the victim’s best interests. In working out what the best interests of a vulnerable party looks like, the proxy must not tamper their decision with other unrelated issues such as the principal’s age, looks, condition or behaviour. Secondly, they should consider postponing important decisions for persons who cannot make decisions due to temporary conditions. Thirdly, they should involve the individual who does not have mental capacity in decision-making processes (Murray, 2013). In contrast, the Act requires decision-making processes to be based on the vulnerable individual’s past principles. It is also important for proxy decision-makers to factor in the perceptions of others, especially care providers and other parties who are interested in the individual’s welfare (Symington, 2007). In addition, any such decisions should not be inclined towards taking the life of the vulnerable party if they still have a chance to recover. The MCA has since substituted an Enduring Power of Attorney (EPA) with a Lasting Power of Attorney (LPA). An LPA is a licit document allowing persons to select an individual who can decide about their health and assets in the event that they become incapable. In this case, the attorney is the party mandated to draw conclusions on their behalf. In addition, with the LPA’s property and affairs option and the personal welfare option, vulnerable individuals have, since the MCA was implemented in 2007, enjoyed all-encompassing protection when they become incapacitated. The property and affairs LPA provides the attorney(s) the authority to decide about the victim’s financial and other physical property issues, such as car or managing rental property. In contrast, the personal welfare LPA empowers the attorney(s) to decide on the victim’s health and individual welfare,

New Zealands Foreign Policy Analysis

New Zealands Foreign Policy Analysis Aaron Lloyd Over the last thirty years the economic rise of China has contributed to a worldwide shift in power. Discussing the current state of New Zealand’s relationship with both China and the United States of America (USA), this essay will outline likely future foreign policy choices. Authors such as Mosher and Krauthammer see the rise of China as a threat to the West that must be contained, a view which is not widely accepted. With reference to New Zealand’s recent economic and strategic success this essay will suggest that future foreign policy must work to deepen relations with both countries. New Zealand must not choose between China nor the USA, instead a broad based approach to trade and international relations should be maintained. In 2008 New Zealand was the first of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries to sign a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with China.[1] As a result China has overtaken the USA as our second largest trading partner, with exports increasing from NZ$2.3 billion in 2008 to NZ$6.7 billion in 2012.[2] In 2010 New Zealand set the goal of doubling two way trade with China by 2015, a goal which was achieved a full year earlier.[3] Speaking to the New Zealand Institute of International Affairs (NZIIA) in 2010 John Key described New Zealand China relations as â€Å"unquestionably and unashamedly an economic relationship†.[4] Without pausing the New Zealand and Chinese governments have been quick to capitalize on this recent economic success. The goal is now to further increase two way trade to NZ$30 billion by 2020.[5] On economic terms at least New Zealand’s relationship with China can be considered excellent. However, casting the net beyond economic measur es there are aspects of the relationship that remain sensitive to the New Zealand public. Whilst New Zealand has enjoyed an economically successful relationship with China, that success has not been as widely reciprocated in other areas of society. In 2012 Shanghai Pengxin – a Chinese firm – attempted to purchase dairy farms previously owned by New Zealand firm Crafar Farms.[6] The event caused an intense debate within New Zealand, to such an extent that the sale was subject to court order blocking the bid before it was eventually approved four months later.[7] Despite several years of significant economic involvement, defence engagement over the same period has been categorized as modest.[8] Reciprocal ship visits between the Chinese and New Zealand Navy have only been occurring since 2013.[9] This highlights a contrasting picture of New Zealand and Chinese relations. On the one hand a strong economic relationship, yet on the other a cultural and security relationship that is still in its infancy. This is in sharp contrast to New Zealand’s recent re- engagement with the USA. In the last decade New Zealand’s relationship with the USA has improved significantly. In the 1980’s defence and security ties with the USA were frozen following disputes over nuclear ship visits to New Zealand.[10] In the following twelve years military involvement was minimal with only limited intelligence sharing.[11] New Zealand’s profile in the last decade – characterised by difficult military involvement in Afghanistan – has been conducive to warmer relations with Washington.[12] In addition to New Zealand’s proactive involvement in Afghanistan and the Pacific region, the rise of China has given the USA more impetus to strengthen relations with traditional pacific based allies.[13] New Zealand’s anti-nuclear policy of 1987 remains in force, however both countries now agree this is a part of history and not limiting to future relations.[14] As a result New Zealand has resumed full intelligence sharing and combined military exercis es are again in occurrence. New Zealand Naval ships are once again permitted into USA ports and New Zealand is now in attendance at USA lead exercises such as the Rim of the Pacific Exercise (RIMPAC).[15] These improving trends lead former USA Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to refer to New Zealand-USA relations as â€Å"the strongest and most productive in 25 years†.[16] Political, diplomatic and defence relations have thus improved significantly since the 1980’s. These improvements, whilst significant in terms regional security and co-operation have not translated into broader economic advancement for New Zealand. Despite the significant advancement of the Chinese economy, the USA economy still remains strong. The USA is New Zealand’s third largest trade partner and for over a decade a free trade agreement has been sought.[17] A large focus of current trade negotiation is focused on the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP). This is a twelve nation regional free trade agreement – which includes New Zealand and the USA – reported as bringing New Zealand up to US$4.1 billion in increased exports by 2025[18]. According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade the TPP agreement is in its final stages, however these negotiations have been ongoing since 2008.[19] USA concern over intellectual property rights is cited as a reason for negotiation delay.[20] Whilst New Zealand enjoys a healthy economic relationship with the USA, long lasting trade negotiations are stalling future economic potential. Relations with China and the USA are thus contrasting. On the one hand New Zealand en joys an economic advantage from China, and on the other improved strategic and military ties with the USA. Future foreign policy must seek to maximise both. Based on the current relationship trends future policy directions can be surmised. New Zealand will wish to continue and build on the success of the economic relationship with China. In pursuing this advancement the issue of trade dependency has been raised. This is with reference to the historical context when New Zealand was largely dependent on trade with the United Kingdom. Risk diversification has therefore been highlighted as a key theme for contemporary trade policies. The TPP for example, involves many different countries and is seen as a way of spreading the risk to guard against potential future economic difficulties.[21] There is widespread agreement that future relations with China should not just be based on trade with little else. Powles for example believes that to truly capitalize on the economic relationship a greater depth of understanding of Chinese culture will be required in order to progress[22]. This is needed because New Zealand does not share the commonalitie s in history and language that it does with traditional Anglosphere partners. In the past this commonality has given New Zealand a greater voice and understanding despite our relative size and geographic isolation.[23] As the influence of Asia increases in the world, future policy decisions will thus require a greater depth of cultural and historical understanding. In achieving a deeper relationship with China, New Zealand must not jeopardise wider relationships with traditional or emerging partnerships. Outside of relations with the USA and China, New Zealand enjoys significant economic and diplomatic relations with many other countries. With Australia for example, New Zealand has spent considerable effort enhancing diplomatic relations. Closer Economic Relations (CER) which were both agreed between New Zealand and Australia in the early 1980’s, are an important example of this effort.[24] Australia remains New Zealand’s largest export market.[25] New Zealand has also succeeded in implementing free trade agreements with Hong Kong and Malaysia.[26] In the future these and other relationships will remain necessary in order to improve trade and maintain strategic balance.[27] While current and future foreign policy will work to strengthen relations with both the USA and China, it not must be at the expense of emerging or other traditional relations. New Zealand enjoys a wide range of international relations as a result of its independent foreign policy. Consensus is that relations with either China or the USA are likely to be strained if New Zealand loses objectivity and in the future New Zealand must continue to be seen as a friend to both but not aligned either.[28] New Zealand’s anti-nuclear stance saw John Key invited President Barrack Obama’s nuclear security summit in Washington recognition of New Zealand’s ability to maintain its independent voice against larger powers.[29] As the influence of China rises in our area, it is important for New Zealand to maintain an independent approach and ensure our own traditions remain intact.[30] This essay has discussed the current state of New Zealand’s relationship with both the USA and China, focusing specifically on recent economic and diplomatic relations. Examining in particular the strength of New Zealand’s recent economic success with China, it has been proven that New Zealand will wish this economic advancement to continue. Previous lessons of economic dependence have been learned and future trade policies will seek a wide base. New Zealand’s economic relationship with the USA – whilst surpassed by China – still remains significant and has many potential benefits in the years ahead. Diplomatic and military relations with the USA have largely become normalised again, whilst similar engagements with China are merely just beginning. A lack of cultural and historical understanding of China – compared to that of traditional Anglosphere partners – hampers contemporary involvement. Overall, it is evident that future foreign policy will want to capitalize on the successful aspects of both relations, but not at the expense of other traditional and emerging partners. BIBLIOGRAPHY Australia, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, accessed: 12 February 2015. http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Countries/Australia/Australia.php Ayson, Robert. Choosing Ahead of Time? Australia, New Zealand and the US-China Contest in Asia. Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International Strategic Affairs 34, no. 3 (2012): 338-364. DOI: 10.1355/cs34-3b. Brady, Anne-Marie. â€Å"New Zealand-China Relations: Common points and Differences† New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 10, no. 2 (2008) 1-20. http://www.nzasia.org.nz/downloads/NZJAS-Dec08/2_Brady_3.pdf China Export, New Zealand Trade and Enterprise, accessed: 07 February 2015 https://www.nzte.govt.nz/en/export/export-markets/greater-china/china/ Elder, Chris and Ayson, Robert, â€Å"China’s Rise and New Zealand’s Interests: A policy primer for 2030†, Centre for Strategic Studies Discussion Paper, No. 11 (2012). http://www.victoria.ac.nz/hppi/centres/strategic-studies/documents/DP11-12-Chinas-rise-and-NZs-interestsONLINE.pdf. Groser, Tim. Trading with China: A Success Story. New Zealand International Review 39, no. 5 (2014): 7-11. http://ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=98383845site=eds-livescope=site. Jacobi, Stephen. â€Å"Turning dreams into reality† New Zealand International Review 36, no. 5 (2011): 17-20. http://ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=65270856site=eds-livescope=site. Key, John. â€Å"New Zealand in the world† New Zealand International Review 35, no.6 (2010): 2-7. http://search.informit.com.au.ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/documentSummary;dn=536854149505279;res=IELHSS Key, John â€Å"Finding a way in a changing world† New Zealand International Review 37, no. 5 (2012): 10-13. http://ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=79701425site=eds-livescope=site. Lanteigne, Marc. Chinese Foreign Policy: An Introduction. 2nd ed. London and New York: Routledge, 2013. Map, Wayne. The New Zealand Paradox, Adjusting to the change in balance of power in the Asia Pacific over the next 20 years, CSIS, (Centre for Strategic and International Studies), May 2014 http://reader.eblib.com.au.ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/(S(bjax1qdqmpglrgfmabxmblf5))/Reader.aspx?p=1687311o=76u=KGjZ3dJ3A9U3Dg/rttWjiw==t=1423524409h=464DE919F23875D4E7DEC547BE6938BB1CFF342Cs=16970573ut=173pg=1r=imgc=-1pat=ncms=-1sd=1# McKinnon, John. â€Å"New Zealand between America and China† New Zealand International Review 38, no. 6 (2013): 8-12. http://ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=91978148site=eds-livescope=site. New Zealand-Australia Closer Economic Relations, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, accessed: 12 February 2015. http://mfat.govt.nz/Trade-and-Economic-Relations/2-Trade-Relationships-and-Agreements/Australia/index.php Powles, Michael. â€Å"China and New Zealand at forty: what next?† New Zealand International Review 37, no. 6 (2012): 2-4. http://ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=83342048site=eds-livescope=site. Sinclair, Paul, â€Å"New Zealand Expands Defence Ties With China – strategic discussion paper† Centre for Strategic Studies Last modified 24 July 2014. http://www.victoria.ac.nz/hppi/centres/strategic-studies/documents/18_New-Zealand-Expands-Defence-Ties-with-China.pdf. Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) negotiations, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, accessed: 10 February 2015. http://mfat.govt.nz/Trade-and-Economic-Relations/2-Trade-Relationships-and-Agreements/Trans-Pacific/index.php United States of America, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, accessed: 10 February 2015. http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Countries/North-America/United-States.php 1 [1] Marc Lanteigne, Chinese Foreign Policy: An Introduction, 2nd ed. (London and New York: Routledge, 2013), 160-161. [2] â€Å"China Export†, New Zealand Trade and Enterprise, accessed: 07 February 2015 https://www.nzte.govt.nz/en/export/export-markets/greater-china/china/ [3] Tim Groser. Trading with China: A Success Story. New Zealand International Review 39, no. 5 (2014): 7. http://ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=98383845site=eds-livescope=site [4] John Key. â€Å"New Zealand in the world† New Zealand International Review 35, no.6 (2010): 3. http://search.informit.com.au.ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/documentSummary;dn=536854149505279;res=IELHSS [5] Groser, â€Å"Trading with China: A Success Story,† 7. [6] Lanteigne, Chinese Foreign Policy: An Introduction, 160. [7] Ibid, 161. [8] John McKinnon. â€Å"New Zealand between America and China† New Zealand International Review 38, no. 6 (2013): 11. http://ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=91978148site=eds-livescope=site. [9] Paul Sinclair, â€Å"New Zealand Expands Defence Ties With China – strategic discussion paper† Centre for Strategic Studies Last modified 24 July 2014. 1. http://www.victoria.ac.nz/hppi/centres/strategic-studies/documents/18_New-Zealand-Expands-Defence-Ties-with-China.pdf. [10] Robert Ayson. Choosing Ahead of Time? Australia, New Zealand and the US-China Contest in Asia. Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International Strategic Affairs 34, no. 3 (2012): 343-44. DOI: 10.1355/cs34-3b. [11] Wayne Map, The New Zealand Paradox, Adjusting to the change in balance of power in the Asia Pacific over the next 20 years, CSIS, (Centre for Strategic and International Studies), May 2014 http://reader.eblib.com.au.ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/(S(bjax1qdqmpglrgfmabxmblf5))/Reader.aspx?p=1687311o=76u=KGjZ3dJ3A9U3Dg/rttWjiw==t=1423524409h=464DE919F23875D4E7DEC547BE6938BB1CFF342Cs=16970573ut=173pg=1r=imgc=-1pat=ncms=-1sd=1# [12] Ayson, Choosing Ahead of Time? Australia, New Zealand and the US-China Contest in Asia, 344. [13] Ibid. [14] Ayson, Choosing Ahead of Time? Australia, New Zealand and the US-China Contest in Asia, 347. [15] Ibid, 346. [16] Hillary Clinton quoted in Stephen Jacobi â€Å"Turning dreams into reality† New Zealand International Review 36, no. 5 (2011): 17. http://ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=65270856site=eds-livescope=site. [17] â€Å"United States of America†, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, accessed: 10 February 2015. http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Countries/North-America/United-States.php [18] â€Å"Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) negotiations†, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, accessed: 10 February 2015. http://mfat.govt.nz/Trade-and-Economic-Relations/2-Trade-Relationships-and-Agreements/Trans-Pacific/index.php [19] Ibid. [20] John Key, â€Å"Finding a way in a changing world† New Zealand International Review 37, no. 5 (2012): 12. http://ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=79701425site=eds-livescope=site. [21] Groser, â€Å"Trading with China: A Success Story,† 11. [22] Michael Powles . â€Å"China and New Zealand at forty: what next?† New Zealand International Review 37, no. 6 (2012): 2. http://ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=anhAN=83342048site=eds-livescope=site. [23] Ibid. [24] â€Å"New Zealand-Australia Closer Economic Relations†, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, accessed: 12 February 2015. http://mfat.govt.nz/Trade-and-Economic-Relations/2-Trade-Relationships-and-Agreements/Australia/index.php [25] â€Å"Australia†, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, accessed: 12 February 2015. http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Countries/Australia/Australia.php [26] Key, â€Å"New Zealand in the world† 3. [27] Chris Elder and Robert Ayson, â€Å"China’s Rise and New Zealand’s Interests: A policy primer for 2030†, Centre for Strategic Studies Discussion Paper, No. 11 (2012). 21. http://www.victoria.ac.nz/hppi/centres/strategic-studies/documents/DP11-12-Chinas-rise-and-NZs-interestsONLINE.pdf. [28] Powles, â€Å"China and New Zealand at forty: what next? 2. [29] Jacobi. â€Å"Turning dreams into reality†: 18. [30] Anne-Marie Brady, â€Å"New Zealand-China Relations: Common points and Differences† New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 10, no. 2 (2008) 19. http://www.nzasia.org.nz/downloads/NZJAS-Dec08/2_Brady_3.pdf

Coca-Cola SWOT Analysis :: Business Management swot Analysis

Coca-Cola SWOT Analysis SWOT stands for Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats. SWOT analysis is a technique much used in many general management as well as marketing scenarios. SWOT consists of examining the current activities of the organisation- its Strengths and Weakness- and then using this and external research data to set out the Opportunities and Threats that exist. Strengths: Coca-Cola has been a complex part of world culture for a very long time. The product's image is loaded with over-romanticizing, and this is an image many people have taken deeply to heart. The Coca-Cola image is displayed on T-shirts, hats, and collectible memorabilia. This extremely recognizable branding is one of Coca-Cola's greatest strengths. "Enjoyed more than 685 million times a day around the world Coca-Cola stands as a simple, yet powerful symbol of quality and enjoyment" (Allen, 1995). Additionally, Coca-Cola's bottling system is one of their greatest strengths. It allows them to conduct business on a global scale while at the same time maintain a local approach. The bottling companies are locally owned and operated by independent business people who are authorized to sell products of the Coca-Cola Company. Because Coke does not have outright ownership of its bottling network, its main source of revenue is the sale of concentrate to its bottlers. Weaknesses: Weaknesses for any business need to be both minimised and monitored in order to effectively achieve productivity and efficiency in their business’s activities, Coke is no exception. Although domestic business as well as many international markets are thriving (volumes in Latin America were up 12%), Coca-Cola has recently reported some "declines in unit case volumes in Indonesia and Thailand due to reduced consumer purchasing power." According to an article in Fortune magazine, "In Japan, unit case sales fell 3% in the second quarter [of 1998]...scary because while Japan generates around 5% of worldwide volume, it contributes three times as much to profits. Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Japan account for about 35% of Coke's volume and none of these markets are performing to expectation. Coca-Cola on the other side has effects on the teeth which is an issue for health care. It also has got sugar by which continuous drinking of Coca-Cola may cause health problems. Being addicted to Coca-Cola also is a health problem, because drinking of Coca-Cola daily has an effect on your body after few years. Opportunities: Brand recognition is the significant factor affecting Coke's competitive position.

George Bush Essay

Leadership is a quality that Americans always look for in a president. United States Presidents have an extreme amount of responsibility. Americans look for someone that can help our country grow. We look for someone who has charisma, strength and intelligence. George W. Bush had a very interesting presidency. It was filled with joy, turmoil and disaster, all which were times where a leader could either succeed or fail. George W. Bush was the 43rd President of the United States. He had all of the qualification of a great president. He came from a political family. He was the son of former President George H.W. Bush. He had a great educational and military background. He graduated from Yale University and then Harvard Business School. He was a pilot for the Air National Guard for six years. He worked in the oil industry after college where he was known for his smart business decisions. He served in Texas’ House of Representatives and then Governor of Texas. Most American’s would probably believe that all of these qualifications would make him a great candidate for President and in 2000 he was elected President, defeating Al Gore by only small margin. (Bush 3) Choosing George W. Bush I chose to research and analyze President Bush because he was president during the biggest attack on American’s during my lifetime. He had to step up and become the great leader that our nation needed during and after the terrorist attack on September 11th, 2001. President Bush is still being blamed for some of the problems that America is having now. President Obama blames him for the economy and many American’s have blamed him for our continued presence in the Middle East. I wanted to research his leadership abilities and understand why he went from being a so-so President to a great president to a president that is being blamed for everything. I also see President Bush as a normal person with strengths and weaknesses. I see him as someone similar to myself. I want to better understand him and learn from his achievements and his mistakes. President Bush was not a born leader. Even though President Bush had the resume that American’s thought would make him a great leader, at the beginning of his presidency, he was lacking some of the key qualities of a  good leader. He did not show confidence in his decisions and he lacked the understanding of international affairs. (Domin 3) After the tragedy of September 11th, he really stepped up and took on his leadership role. He was able to show America that he was the leader that they thought that they would be getting in an American President. President Bush was able to bring his followers together in a time of tragedy, uniting them for a common goal. He was able to leave all of the criticism that he had gotten behind him and become a new leader that everyone respected. In addition, I wanted to research President Bush because many of the international problems that America faced during President Bush’s terms are still lingering today. American lives are still at risk because of terrorist groups. It was only a couple of months ago that the U.S. Consulate in Benghazi was attacked by terrorist killing the US Ambassador and three others. I question the effectiveness of our current administration and their ability to keep America safe. (Kirkpatrick, and Myers) Abilities and Skills Even though President Bush was not a great leader from the beginning, I believe that he was able to step up and become the great leader that we needed him to be. He embraced the necessary abilities and skills that America needed in a leader after a crisis. The first and most important characteristic that he possessed after September 11th was emotional intelligence. He understood the severity of the situation and was able to address the public in a way that helped us come together as a country. Woodward made this comment about how President Bush addressed the public in front of Ground Zero. â€Å"Bush’s spontaneity allowed him to connect at a visceral level with his audience: acting simultaneously as their leader and expressing their feelings in the highly charged atmosphere of the time.† (Roper 5) I believe that President Bush also encompasses the four characteristics that describe a creative leader. President Bush faced one of the biggest obstacles of any President and he had the self-confidence to lead. (Nahavandi 115) Thousands of innocent Americans had been killed through a terrorist attack. He knew that America was entering a time of war. Even though many of his advisors were unsure of the decisions to attack Afghanistan, he was strong about his beliefs and he gave reassurance to his advisors. A reporter who was present during the National Security Council meeting before the initial attacks in Afghanistan noticed the tension in the room before President Bush was present but said that, â€Å"the tension suddenly drained from the room.† (Roper 5)

The Ethical Code of Conduct in the Modern Organizations

The Ethical Code of Conduct in the Modern Organizations Organizations in the modern world are so concerned with the constant need to improve performance that most of them have little time to work on the moral aspect of their decision making. However, each organization needs some form of standard behavior that all employees need to follow; without it the organization would run in to chaos and output will be hampered.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Ethical Code of Conduct in the Modern Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ethical conduct therefore is the accepted behaviour within the organization or society at large. Each organization has different policies on ethics; however most of them are similar in nature. For example, coming to work on time is part of the ethical conduct of most organizations. The ethical culture of an organization can make or break its very foundation. Ethics is from the Greek word â€Å"ethos† meaning character or custom. This means that organizations should formulate a code of conduct that will be used in the day to day service to the society. Administrators view unethical behaviour as a tumor eating away on the fabric of society in many of the modern day organizations. It is observed that, the crisis of conduct is undermining the organizational competitive strength. A study carried out showed that employees accounted for a higher percentage of retail thefts than the customers (Silverstein, 1989). It also showed that, one in every fifteen employees steals from their employers. This happens because most organizations have left the standards that define organizational behaviour lying n the grey area. How can then administrators promote ethical culture in the organization? First, they should promote ethical consciousness in their organizations. This should have a trickledown effect on the employees in the lowest post. They should also formulate processes that will be used to back up and strengthen ethical b ehaviour. Philosophies of the administrators influence the working conditions of the various departments they hold. It is, therefore, important for them to have positive philosophies that will impact the organization and the employees in a positive and productive way. Managers who behave unethically unlike their ethical philosophies, present a limit to the ethical reasoning of the firm (Nielsen, 1989). This means that, the presence of ethical policies in an organization have less impact on the employees if they are not reinforced by the conduct of the managing officers. The basic management principle states that if you wish to have some behavior or outcome, then you should reinforce it.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In most cases, the administrator will avoid taking responsibility of punishing unethical behaviour for fear of defamation of character by the employe es. In addition to this, organizations should take upon themselves to provide ethical education to their employees, stressing on the positivity of having ethics in the work place. This can be achieved by allocating more resources to ethics training program. In cases where there is an ethics dilemma, employees should use a check-list that resembles the following: identify and clarify the dilemma, get all the possible facts, list options, put options under test to find out if they are legal, right, and beneficial; make decision and double check it, and then take action. The area of ethical problems has not been fully explored, which is why more research should be done on this. Furthermore organizations should formulate and ensure that their ethical code of conduct is positive and that it encourages or gives them a competitive advantage. References Nielsen, R. P. 1989. Changing unethical Organizational Behaviour. Academy of Management Executive 3(2), 123-130. Silverstein, S. 1989. One in 15 Employees in Study Caught Stealing. Los Angeles Times, p. D1.

Rrl of My Classmte as Example Essays

Rrl of My Classmte as Example Essays Rrl of My Classmte as Example Essay Rrl of My Classmte as Example Essay Various eye problems have been associated with overexposure to sunlight. CAUSE Ultraviolet Ray WHY? People are unaware of what UVR can cause to their vision/eye sight. WHY? Insufficient spread of information to the public. Sub Problem How can we completely inform the public about the dangers caused by the UVR? INTRODUCTION Another radiation from the sun can harm not only your skin but also your eyes. Extended exposure to the sun’s UV rays has been linked to eye damage, which includes the cataract that clouds the eye’s natural lens that can cause to temporary vision loss. The purpose of this project is to make the public aware of what UV ray can cause to their vision. To protect the eyes from harmful solar radiation, sunglasses should block 100 percent of UV rays. A good quality of sunglasses such as Ray-Ban is a certified item for consumption that manufactures variety of glasses and likewise lenses that deals with overexposure to sun. This variety of lenses indicates the amount of protection it can give to the eyes. It includes the tints in the lenses that keep UV ray from reaching the eyes. Manufacturers add certain colors that block UVB light. Amber and brown tints are especially useful at absorbing UV light; however, any light-blocking tint will help prevent eye damage. Manufacturers either use colored glass or polycarbonates to make these lenses or soak polycarbonate lenses in a tint solution. Sunglasses can also have extra UV coating, although these arent necessarily just for sunglasses, as the coatings are clear and can be applied to regular glasses. The best tint for optimizing performance is a matter of personal preference. Sunglasses labeled UV-400 should offer good protection from the sun. One easy way to keep your eyes protected is to remember to push your sunglasses up on your nosethe closer the lenses are to the eye, the more protection you get. If youre going to be in a high-sun environment, wrap-around shades are a good choice. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Most people know of the dangers of the sun to our skin. But many do not know that too much sun can also damage the eyes. Eyes are sensitive instruments which can easily become injured or diseased from exposure to sunlight, because of the ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sun. Ultraviolet rays are high energy, and are invisible to the human eye because they are outside the spectrum of colors that a human eye can see. Eye diseases are associated with exposure to sunlight Exposure to sunlight can cause damage to the eyes in both the short and long term. In the short term, exposure to sunlight can result in: * Mild irritation: May cause symptoms such as excessive blinking, swelling or difficulty seeing in strong sunlight. * Photo Keratoconjunctivitis: Photo keratoconjunctivitis is a condition similar to snow blindness or welders flash burn. It occurs when the sensitive, skin-like tissues of the eyeball become sunburnt. Individuals suffering from the condition are likely to experience severe pain, and possibly temporary blindness, for 12 days. The condition is temporary and will resolve naturally. In the long term, exposure to sunlight is associated with a range of eye diseases, including: * Eye cancer (also known as squamous cell carcinoma of the eye): A rare condition characterised by the growth of cancerous cells on the surface of the eye. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that5070% of eye cancers around the world are caused by sun exposure. The risk of developing eye cancer increases with lifetime exposure to sunlight. The incidence is highest in countries closest to the equator. * Cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract: Cataracts are characterised by the increasing opaqueness of the lens of the eye. It can lead to impaired eye sight and, in severe cases, to blindness. The WHO estimate 5% of cortical cataract disease is caused by sun exposure. In Australia, the Australian Cancer Council estimates that up to 10% of all cataracts are associated with excessive sun exposure. A study of a United States population found that individuals who had high levels of sun exposure were about 1. 5 times more likely to develop cortical or posterior subcapsular cataracts than those who had low sun exposure, while those with moderate sun exposure were about 1. 2 times more likely to develop each of these types of cataracts. * Pterygium: Pterygium is characterised by a fleshy growth on the eyes surface. The WHO estimates that 4070% of the global burden from this disease is attributable to sun exposure. A study conducted in Victoria reported that 43. 6% of pterygium cases were attributable to sun exposure. * Age related macular degeneration: Based on laboratory studies showing thatUV rays cause retinal damage in rats, scientists believe that exposure to UV rays contributes to the degeneration of eyesight which occurs naturally with ageing. How UVR Impacts the Eye The various tissue layers of the eye absorb the wavebands of UVR to different extents. The longer the wavelength, the deeper the penetration of ocular tissue. Of the radiation from sunlight, UV-B has the greatest impact on the eye. Overexposure can result in photokeratitis or, in rare cases, solar maculopathy. Studies show that chronic exposure to UV-B can also cause cortical cataracts. UV-A is considered a greater threat to produce skin cancer than damage the eye. While the ozone layer filters UV-C from the sun, a welders arc can generate toxic dosages of this potent waveband. Since UV-C is the shortest waveband of the ultraviolet spectrum, the corneal epithelium will absorb it. A welders flash burn therefore will cause a punctate epitheliopathy. Environmental factors and UV exposure The level of UV radiation varies due to a range of environmental factors,including: * Time of day: UV radiation levels are highest when the sun is higher in the sky (in the middle of the day, between 10am and 2pm). * Geographic location: UV radiation levels increase with increasing proximity to the equator, and increasing altitude. * Cloud cover: UV radiation levels are higher when there is no cloud cover, although UV radiation from the sun is present even on cloudy days. Features of the surrounding landscape: As UV radiation from the sun is reflected more or less effectively by some surfaces than others, exposure to UV radiation is also influenced by features of the surrounding landscape. Snow is a particularly reflective surface, and as much as 80% of UV radiation will be reflected back (compared to about 10% for water and grass). Dry beach sand reflects about 15% of UV radiat ion, while the foam in sea water reflects 25% of UV radiation. * Ozone protection: A layer of ozone forms a protective layer around the earth and blocks much of the sun’s harmful rays, including much UV radiation. Ozone levels vary between places and times of the day. The origin of UV protection Most of the UV protection comes from the lenses of UV protection sunglasses. Special coatings on the lenses material during manufacturing are the origin of UV protection. The exact lens coating is named UV treatment, which adds this capability to regular lenses. Always select UV protection sunglasses with labels specifying UV absorption up to 400nm, which is equivalent to 100% UV absorption. Color, style and cost have no direct help in offering sunlight protection. Many people would think that lens color is closely related to the degree of UV protection the lenses can offer. A classical example is dark sunglasses which had dominated the sun wear industry for many years. In fact, lens darkness does not determine directly the UV filtration ability. It is the lens material and additive coating that matters. Measuring Ultraviolet Rays In the United States, the risk for UV exposure is measured using the UV Index. Developed by the NWS and EPA, the UV Index predicts each days ultraviolet radiation levels on a simple 1 to 11+ scale. In addition to publishing the UV Index daily, the EPA also issues a UV Alert when the level of solar UV radiation that day is expected to be unusually high. UV Protection Recommendations| UV Index| Risk Level| Recommendations| 2 or less| Low| 1. Wear sunglasses. 2. If you burn easily, use sunscreen with an SUN PROTECTION FACTOR of 15+. | 3 5| Moderate| 1. Wear sunglasses. 2. Cover up and use sunscreen. 3. Stay in the shade near midday, when the sun is strongest. | 6 7| High| 1. Wear a hat and sunglasses. 2. Cover up and use sunscreen. 3. Reduce time in the sun between 10 a. m. and 4 p. m. | 8 10| Very high| 1. Wear a hat and sunglasses. 2. Cover up and use sunscreen. 3. Minimize sun exposure between 10 a. m. and 4 p. m. | 11+| Extreme| 1. Wear a hat and sunglasses. 2. Apply sunscreen (SPF 15+) liberally every two hours. 3. Try to avoid sun exposure between 10 a. m. and 4 p. m. | | How do you protect your eyes from UV radiation? Protecting the eyes from UV radiation from the sun is the only way to reduce the risk of eye damage. Staying out of the sun at all times is impossible, so it is important that you know how to protect your eyes when they are exposed to sunlight, and about the times at which the suns rays are most dangerous. Steps for protecting against exposure to UV radiation from the sun include: Wear sunglasses when exposed to sunlight Every time an individual goes out in sunlight, they shouldwear sunglasses that meet the Australian standards. Sunglasses provide a barrier between UV radiation and the eyes,thus preventing the harmful effects of UV radiation. The Australian Cancer Council recommends that individuals wear sunglasses with wrap-around (i. e. side) protection complying with Australian Standard AS/ANZ 1067:2003 (these standards outline how manufacturers should make sunglasses and which materials they should use). Sunglasses which meet the Australian Standard will be labelled with AS/ANZ 1607:2003 and a category number. In addition, the lenses of the sunglasses should offer a high level of UV protection, and be labelled UV400, or EPF9 or 10. Wear a broad-brimmed hat when exposed to sunlight A hat with a broad brim offers better protection than a cap, as it also blocks sunlight from the side and back. Such a hat can effectively block about 40% of UV rays from reaching the eye. It not only protects the eyes from exposure to sunlight, but also the ear, neck and face. Exposureat these sitescan increase the risk of cancer. Avoid exposure to sunlight as much as possible, particularly in the middle of the day Levels of UV radiation in sunlight are highest in the middle of the day (10am to 2pm), and thus exposure to sunlight is most dangerous at this time. Limit your exposure to sunlight at this time by staying indoors, wearing protective clothing or using shaded areas. Sit or walk in the shade The shade provided by trees and canopies does not offer full protection against UV radiation, but staying out of full sunlight does offer considerable protection against UV rays. Seek shady areas when outside, particularly when outside for extended periods or in the middle of the day. Avoid indoor sun tanning lamps Indoor tanning lamps emit UV radiation and can cause damage to the eyes and skin. Avoid indoor tanning if you wish to protect your eyes from their damaging effects. It is also important to realise that childrens eyes are susceptible to damage from UV exposure (even though this damage may not produce symptoms until they reach adulthood). In order to protect childrens eyes, parents and guardians should provide children with appropriate protective eyewear and a broad-brimmed hat, and limit their exposure to unlight, particularly in the middle of the day. When to Wear Sunglasses? Wear sunglasses outdoors, particularly in the following circumstances: * During summer: The level of UVR at noon in summer can be more than three times as high as in winter. More importantly, the levels of UVB, the type of UVR that causes the most damage, can be as much as ten times higher (which is why sunburn takes such a short time in summer). * Around noon: (1PM during daylight saving). Seventy percent of the harmful UVB radiation that is received each day occurs within three hours either side of this time. On the beach or boating: There are usually few buildings or structures to block the sun or sky, so people are exposed to direct and scattered radiation from the whole sky as well as reflections from water. * Skiing at high altitude: Solar UVR increases with altitude and at 2000 metres (typical of Australian ski fields) can be as much as thirty percent higher than at sea level. The high reflectivity of snow worsens the problem, so that the UVR dose to the eye can be quite large. Consequently, good eye protection while skiing is very important. Materials and coatings of sunglass lenses Currently, there is a wide variety of materials for sunglass lenses. Thanks to the advancements in the lens technology, different people can now choose lenses that cater individual needs. In general, sunglass lenses are made of either plastic or glass. Plastic lenses are lightweight and come in different tints. Plastic sunglass lenses can block 80% of UV rays and thus provide good protection from sunlight. While offering excellent optical quality, glass lenses are more susceptible to scratches. High index lenses High index lenses are made of the material of high index plastic. This kind of lenses can block out 100% harmful UV rays in the sunlight. In regular, high index lenses are applied with reflective coating. This is because the high index feature also increases lens reflection on the surface. Due to the valuable optical feature of this material, high-index lenses are thinner and thinner than regular plastic lenses. Typically, lenses made of a high-index plastic can be 50% thinner than traditional plastic lenses. Patients with a severe refractive error are perfect target users. Polycarbonate lenses Polycarbonate lenses are one of the most common types of sunglass lenses. Besides features such as lightweight and shatter-resistance, polycarbonate lenses provide natural 100% UV protection. These lenses are perfect for active adults and children. Sunglasses using polycarbonate lenses can offer incomparable eye protection and UV protection. Photochromic lenses Photochromic lenses can provide appropriate lens darkness according to the surrounding environment. This type of lens always flatters people who need to frequently alternate between indoor and outdoor environments. Without the availability of photochromic glasses, vision impaired patients need to remove sunglasses and change to prescription eyeglasses when they move indoors, or vice versa. Polarized lenses Polarized lenses are specially designed for outdoor wear. These lenses can greatly reduce glare by blocking light reflection on a flat surface. Regular participants of outdoor activities including driving, golfing and skiing can significantly benefit from polarized lenses. With the help of polarized sunglasses, the wearers will nearly be free from annoying glare. Aspheric lenses Aspheric lenses are particularly suitable for people with a heavy prescription. With an evenly distributed thickness, this type of lenses will not bring an unwanted look because of excessively thick lenses. These lenses have different curves and are able to reduce or eliminate spherical aberrations. And they also help reduce the distortion of the wearer’s eyes. Scratch-resistant coating In addition to different lens materials, there are still types of coatings. In order to avoid scratches, sunglass lenses can be treated with a scratch resistant coating (SRC), which is usually included in polycarbonate and high index lenses by default. This lens coating is especially helpful for mischievous kids who may frequently drop the glasses. Anti-reflective coating Another common coating is anti-reflective coating (ARC), which is applied in some lenses in order to reduce reflective rays. While eliminating unwanted glare during outdoor activities, lenses with this type of coating are more likely to scratch. Actually, these two types of coatings are mutually exclusive, which means one specific lens cannot have both of them. Lens tints Lens tint is another common issue. With various tint options, sunglass wearers can choose their favoritecolor in order to get distinctive looking. However, only plastic lenses can effectively and uniformly absorb tints. In contrast to high index lenses, polycarbonate lenses are harder to tint. Reference mydr. com. au/skin-hair/eyes-in-the-sun

Rather than being a medium for western culture alone, the internet Essay

Rather than being a medium for western culture alone, the internet actually helps promote and strengthen the societies - Essay Example Governance and Democratization Early this year, Egypt and parts of the Arab world experienced one of their most successful revolutions in history. This revolution was organized with the help of the internet and specifically social networking tools. The people of Egypt organized themselves and through proper coordination and communication, they were able to change their country in a manner never witnessed before in any country. This revolutionary event was seen by many as what can be achieved through people power. Without the internet the Egyptian revolution would probably have taken a very different route than it did. The Egyptians were able to push for proper leadership and their democratic rights because the internet empowered them to do so. Another country that has made major gains in the democratization process is China (Lagerkvist, 2010). The country’s leadership is slowly but surely becoming more democratic as citizens become more empowered to fight for their rights usin g information technology tools such as the internet. Through the internet, citizens in a country are able to know how they are being governed. Many governments have adopted the use of the internet in service dissemination. This means that citizens can access the services from the comfort of wherever they are. The internet also empowers the people to communicate more effectively with their leaders. They can give feedback on the kind of services they want and they can use the same technology to demand for changes where they deem fit to do so. In other words, the internet has enabled citizens in different countries keep track of how their governments are doing their work and this helps in the overall development of the nations (Kalathil and Boas, 2003). Learning and Development Education is key to development and this is evidenced by the rate at which countries having high literacy levels have developed. Many nations in Asia, Africa and South America have for a long time been classifie d at the bottom in terms of literacy. However, the situation is slowly changing as more and more people from these countries seek education in different ways. The internet has played a major role in revolutionalizing the learning and development in nations outside the West. Many learning institutions in these countries have incorporated online learning into their programmes (Schell, 2007). This makes learning more effective, thus giving students the kind of education they need to lead productive lives in future. Those seeking higher education do not have to travel long distances to do so. Renowned institutions in the west have high class programmes which they offer online. This makes it easy for individuals in other countries to access the education offered in these institutions from wherever they are. These improved educational opportunities empower societies in non-western countries to develop at the same level as their counterparts living in western nations (Howard and Jones, 200 4). Business and Economic Development Most third world countries have had to struggle with the problem of unemployment for a very long time. Many youths in these parts of the world had been without any meaningful source of income before the internet age. However, things have drastically changed for the better in terms of employment opportunities among the young

Managing People and Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Managing People and Organisations - Essay Example A corporate ethics program comprises a code of ethics, education and training of employees for ethics, a reporting and audit system, and an investigation system. In different corporations, the managers emphasize upon different components to different extent. In a vast majority of cases, the corporate ethics programs are designed and control by the senior management in a corporation. According to alpha.fdu.edu (n.d.), 84 per cent of the general counsel, 77 per cent CEOs, and 75 per cent senior human resources executives write the codes of ethics, whereas 58 per cent of the chairmen write the codes of ethics. This speaks of the magnitude of control exercised by the executives on the codes of ethics whereas employees are just required to comply with them as part of their job. A demand of blind faith upon the corporation on the part of the employees clearly reflects from these statistics. Although the conflicts between these roles are not experienced on the daily basis, yet the employees hope to find some clash or even the simplest decisions become too difficult to take in this world where the goals and interests of the corporations and the stakeholders are so diverse and variant, that conflicts are simply inevitable. In spite of the governmental regulations and legal frameworks within which the corporations have to remain and do the business, we cannot rely on corporations to be ethical and responsible. Ethical decision making processes have reportedly been found to be important always throughout the past many years. â€Å"The language of ethics and responsibility seems to be here to stay, and is claiming a degree of centrality as the necessary conscience of managerial capitalism† (Parker, 2002, p. 92). One of the fundamental reasons why we cannot expect corporations to be ethical and responsible is that there is no definitive answer to every ethical question. In order to find the right answer to every ethical question, we need to have the right tools. The bad aspect about this bleak situation is that workforce is left to deal with the consequences when ethical requirements are not fulfilled. Employers also get affected in myriad ways like not being able to achieve maximum cooperation of the employees raises much concern for many corporations when it comes to maintaining the productivity level. Employees find themselves unable to cooperate with employers on more levels when many ethical requirements get crushed under the employers’ feet. Now the conditions are much better but such a situation of less cooperation due to lack of ethical consideration particularly developed abruptly when economic recession spread globally. Organizations began to fire even the responsible staff members due to not being able to ensure reasonable salaries to every employee. Lay offs became very common and ethical rights of employees began getting severely violated too. This shows that corporations cannot be always trusted to carry out all their funct ions ethically and responsibly since nothing can be perfect and certain sacrifices have to be made by the employees within a workplace in favor of demanding employers who rush after meeting certain goals in this age of excessive competitiveness. Nevertheless, lack